Deep tooth decay or other injury can cause damage to or infection of the tooth pulp. In a root canal, or endodontic treatment, the dentist removes the damaged or infected pulp and replaces it with a special filler, which helps maintain the remaining tooth structure.
Some indications of the need for root canal treatment may be:
Spontaneous pain or throbbing while biting
Sensitivity to hot and cold foods
Severe decay or an injury that creates an abscess (infection) in the bone
Below are two key considerations regarding a root canal:
Decay And Infection - If your tooth's nerve chamber becomes infected by decay or damaged by trauma, root canal treatment is often the only way to save your tooth.
The Nerve Chamber - Inside the hard outer shell of each tooth is a specialized area called the pulp or nerve chamber. The pulp chamber contains a system of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves - known as the pulp - which enter from the bone through the root canals. This system provides nourishment for the cells within the tooth.
The root canal procedure
A root canal is completed in five steps:
After the tooth is anaesththetized, an opening is made through the crown into the pulp chamber.
The length of the root canals is determined.
Unhealthy pulp is removed, canals are cleaned, enlarged and shaped.
Canals are then filled and sealed. A metal post may be added for structural support or to retain restorative materials.
The tooth is sealed with a temporary filling. Usually a gold or porcelain crown adds further protection.
The material used to fill your root canal will probably last you a lifetime, but there is a chance that the filling or crown may need to be replaced eventually.